A brief description of the characteristics of various window opener motors from manufacturers.
Basic knowledge shared by window opener motor manufacturers: DC, single-phase AC, three-phase AC, communication has the difference of "synchronous and asynchronous". Synchronous and asynchronous means whether the rotor speed is synchronous (the same) with the stator rotating magnetic field speed or asynchronous (delayed), therefore only AC can generate a rotating magnetic field, and only AC motors have the concept of synchronous and asynchronous.
Release time:
2022-05-09 15:16
Window opener motorManufacturer shares basic knowledge
DC, single-phase AC, three-phase AC
There are differences between synchronous and asynchronous communication.
Synchronous and asynchronous mean whether the rotor speed and the stator rotating magnetic field speed are synchronous (the same) or asynchronous (delayed), therefore only AC can generate a rotating magnetic field, and only AC motors have the concept of synchronous and asynchronous.
Synchronous motor - Principle: "The magnetic field always travels along the shortest path of the magnetic circuit" the rotor magnetic poles coincide with the stator rotating magnetic field poles, the rotor magnetic speed equals the rotating magnetic field rotation. The window opener motor manufacturer discusses the characteristics: the synchronous motor, whether used as a motor or generator, does not undergo strict changes between speed and AC frequency. The speed of the synchronous motor is constant and is not affected by load changes.
The window opener motor manufacturer discusses asynchronous motors - Principle: Induction achieves motion, the stator rotating magnetic field cuts the squirrel cage, the squirrel cage generates induced current, and the induced current exerts force to rotate the rotor. The rotor speed and the stator rotating magnetic field speed must have a speed difference to form a magnetic field cutting the squirrel cage, generating induced current.
Differences: (1) Synchronous motors can release or absorb reactive power. Asynchronous motors can only absorb ineffective power. (2) The speed of synchronous motors is synchronized with the AC power frequency of 50Hz, that is, two-pole motors 3000 RPM, four-pole 1500, six-pole 1000, etc. The speed of asynchronous motors is slightly inferior, such as two-pole 2880, four-pole 1440, six-pole 960, etc. (3) The current of synchronous motors leads the voltage in phase. In other words, synchronous motors are capacitive loads. Synchronous motors can be used to improve the power factor of the power supply system.
Synchronous motors cannot be started directly. At the moment of power-on, the rotor magnetic winding leading to DC stops, and the rotor magnetic poles stop. The stator magnetic field immediately has high speed. Assuming that at this moment the positive magnetic pole and the rotor magnetic pole attract one after another, then the positive magnetic pole will generate an attractive force on the rotor in a very short time, within half a rotation, and after half a rotation, it will generate a repulsive force. Due to the rotor's moment of inertia, the rotor will not rotate but will vibrate left and right at a speed close to 0. Therefore, synchronous motors must start the squirrel cage winding. The speed difference generates induced current, and the induced current has the characteristic of reducing the speed difference. (4 metal rods in a well shape, the area decreases when the internal magnetic field is close, and increases when it is sparse, which can prevent the trend of change.) until the induced current balances with the speed difference. (No current means no force, so if the speed difference is not eliminated, it is speculated to be related to rotational resistance)
Permanent magnet, electromagnetic, magnetic induction (stator, rotor composition)
Permanent magnet - Permanent magnet body
Electromagnetic - Power supply coil
Magnetic induction - No electric closed winding, squirrel cage
Permanent magnets and electromagnets can mostly be interchangeable, magnetic induction can only be used when a rotating magnetic field is needed, in three-phase synchronous motors, as starting and electromagnetic/permanent magnets are often used in the rotor.
No brushes, no brushes
The motor's brushes and brushless design have a significant impact on the motor structure, brushes refer to the brush switch or slip ring when the rotor is energized. Motor classification.
DC brush motor
(1) Structure:
Rotor - 1 winding (without a rotating magnetic field, potato power cannot be used, permanent magnets cannot change direction or be used)
Stator - Permanent magnet/electromagnetic
(2) Start:
Can move after being powered on. (The armature winding has a dead point as long as there is one turn, and there is no dead point after crossing two turns.)
(3) Transition:
Permanent magnets change the direction of the stator current. He encourages changing the direction of the stator or rotor current. The window opener motor manufacturer suggests changing the rotor winding connection method.
(4) Adjust speed:
Rotor voltage adjustment encourages stator voltage to be adjustable as well.
(5) Function:
The pavilion is equipped with fixed pole pieces and brushes, the rotor is equipped with armature windings and a commutator. Due to the presence of brushes and commutators, the structure of brush motors is complex, reliability is poor, failures are frequent, maintenance workload is large, service life is short, and electromagnetic interference is likely to occur when replaced with spark plugs.
Window opener motorThe manufacturer discusses DC brushless motors
(1) Structure:
Rotor - Squirrel cage/permanent magnet/squirrel cage with built-in permanent magnet (no brushes, cannot be electromagnetic)
Stator - 3 windings (forming a rotating magnetic field), sensors (for rotor position detection drive control)
(2) Principle:
Driver - DC driver - three-phase variable rectangular propagation (sine type for servo motors) - stator rotating magnetic field. Similar to three-phase squirrel cage asynchronous motors.
(3) Start:
Driver EN grounded to open.
(4) Transition:
Driver F/R grounded to open.
(5) Adjust speed:
Speed adjustment potentiometer.
(6) Function:
Ferrite permanent magnet brushless DC motors are inexpensive, perform well, and are widely used in household appliances, automobiles, toys, power tools, and other fields. Rare earth permanent magnet brushless DC motors made of rare earth permanent magnet materials are small in size, perform excellently, but are expensive, mainly used in aerospace, computers, downhole instruments, and other fields.
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